GMAT新黄金80题及范文

　　34. The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.

　　The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available.

　　Easy信贷公司的一个经营主管向董事长提交的一份计划：

　　如果我们将信用卡所得的利润中的一部分捐给一个知名的环保组织换取在我们的信用卡上使用他们的标识的权利，Easy信贷公司将在信用卡服务的竞争中得到很大好处。由于最近的民调显示，很多人都关心环境问题，这一计划将吸引新顾客，提高现有顾客的使用量，并使我们得到比最低利润率要高的利润率。

　　1环保组织所提供的标识所关心的方面和民众所关心的方面可能不一致

　　2关心环保问题不意味着他们就一定会采取一些具体的措施象是在这个例子里面购买这个公司的产品

　　The author assumes that the publics concern about environmental issues will result in its taking steps to do something about the problem-in this case, to use the Easy Credit Company credit card.

　　3权衡了额外付出的成本和收益之后并不一定值得这么做.

　　1， 首先，关心环境的人，不一定是使用信用卡的。第二，关心环境问题的人，关心的issues不一定与该组织的相同。

　　2， 因果关系不明确：不一定人们关心环保就一定用使用信用卡的方式来表达。因为More often，人们可能采取更加直接的方式，比如直接donate money to the environmental organization.

　　3， 另外，利润率关系到收入和支出，很可能两个比较收入小于支出。

　　In this argument the author concludes that the Easy Credit Company would gain several advantages over its competitors by donating a portion of its profits to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of the organizations logo on their credit card. The author reaches this conclusion on the basis of a recent poll that shows widespread public concern about environmental issues. Among the advantages of this policy, the author foresees an increase in credit card use by existing customers, the ability to charge higher interest rates, and the ability to attract new customers. While the authors argument has some merit, it suffers from two critical problems.

　　To begin with, the author assumes that the environmental organization whose logo is sought is concerned with the same environmental issues about which the poll shows widespread concern. However, the author provides no evidence that this is the case. It is possible that very few credit-card users are concerned about the issues that are the organizations areas of concern; if so, then it is unlikely that the organizations logo would attract much business for the Easy Credit Company.

　　Next, the author assumes that the publics concern about environmental issues will result in its taking steps to do something about the problem―in this case, to use the Easy Credit Company credit card. This assumption is unsupported and runs contrary to experience. Also, it is more reasonable to assume that people who are concerned about a particular cause will choose a more direct means of expressing their concern.

　　In conclusion, the authors argument is unconvincing as it stands. To strengthen the argument, the author must show a positive link between the environmental issues about which the public has expressed concern and the issues with which this particular environmental organization is concerned. In addition, the author must provide evidence to support the assumption that concern about a problem will cause people to do something about the problem.

　　35. The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the financial planning office to the administration of Fern Valley University.

　　In the past few years, Fern Valley University has suffered from a decline in both enrollments and admissions applications. The reason can be discovered from our students, who most often cite poor teaching and inadequate library resources as their chief sources of dissatisfaction with Fern Valley. Therefore, in order to increase the number of students attending our university, and hence to regain our position as the most prestigious university in the greater Fern Valley metropolitan area, it is necessary to initiate a fund-raising campaign among the alumni that will enable us to expand the range of subjects we teach and to increase the size of our library facilities.

　　Discuss how well reasoned... etc.

　　财政计划办公室给Fem Valley大学的建议书：

　　在过去的几年里，Fem Valley大学经受了入学人数和入学申请的双重下降。原因可以从我们的学生那里找到，他们经常将低劣的教学和不适当的图书馆资源作为他们对学校的主要不满之处。因此，为了提高想加入我们学校的学生数，从而重新获得我们在大Fem Valley地区的最有声望的大学的地位，在校友中发动一个基金募集计划使我们能扩展教学科目改善图书馆的设备是十分必要的。

　　1， 增加教学科目和图书馆的型号并不一定就能使学生变得满意因为他们可能并不是对教学和图书馆的这两个方面感到不满

　　2， 入学人数和入学申请的下降可能是因为整个外部环境导致的而不是学校自己的问题

　　3， 没有提供学生对教学质量和图书馆不满意的具体证据.

　　4， 调查的本身就值得怀疑.

　　ability attract customer merit alleviate inadequate unfavorable economical conditions hearsay rumour scant anecdotal evidence

　　The financial-planning office at Fern Valley University concludes that it is necessary to initiate a fund-raising campaign among alumni that will enable the university to expand the range of subjects it offers and increase the size of its library facilities. Its argument is based on a five-year decline in enrollments and admission applications together with the claim that students cite poor teaching and inadequate library resources as their chief sources of dissatisfaction with Fern Valley. The conclusion of the financial-planning office is not strongly supported by the reasons given.

　　To begin with, this argument depends on the assumption that providing a greater range of subjects and a larger library will alleviate the students chief sources of dissatisfaction. However, the students have not complained about inadequate course offerings or about the size of the library; their complaint is that the existing courses are poorly taught and that library resources are inadequate. Offering more kinds of classes does not improve teaching quality, and increasing a librarys size does nothing to enhance its holdings, or resources. Accordingly, the recommendation does not bear directly on the problem as stated.

　　Secondly, the proposal unfairly assumes that the recent enrollment and application decline was caused by poor teaching and inadequate library resources. It is equally possible that all colleges, regardless of teaching quality and library resources, have experienced similar declines. These declines may have been due to unrelated factors, such as unfavorable economic conditions, or an increase in high-paying computer jobs not requiring a college education.

　　Thirdly, the author provides no support for the claim that students are dissatisfied with the teaching and library resources at Fern Valley. It is possible that the claim is based on hearsay or on scant anecdotal evidence. Without more information about the basis of the claim, we cannot be sure that the financial-planning office is addressing the real problems.

　　In conclusion, the advice of the financial planning office is not well supported. To strengthen the argument, the planning office must provide evidence that students are dissatisfied with the range of subjects and with the librarys size, and that this dissatisfaction is the cause of the recent decline in enrollment and the number of admission applications. To better assess the argument as it stands, we would need to know whether the students attitudes were measured in a reliable, scientific manner.

　　38. The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.

　　Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand.

　　校园报纸的社论：

　　因为校园住宅的使用率在过去的学年中下降了，住宅收入也下降了。为了解决这个问题，校园住宅办公室应该减少可使用的住宅单元，从而增加使用率。同样的，为了不让学生选择住在校外，住宅办公室应该降低租金来扩大需求。

　　1， 入住率低可能是因为学生人数减少等原因造成的

　　2， 同时减少供给和降低房费可能会抵消入住率提高而带来的收入提高效应而有余

　　3， 就算不会完全抵消仍然有其他原因影响收入例如说学生进入后的维修等等。

　　boosting rental maintenance oppressive seriousness trivailize

　　1， 忽略他因：单纯地说问题所在是rent. 但实际上可能有很多其他的因素：房子的condition, security, cleaning service，noisy surroundings等等。

　　2， 过去不能推广到未来：很可能变化了――比如enrollments of students have sharply increased。所以，很可能减少available的数量可能不是合适的做法。

　　3， 减少提供的房子，降低房租，很可能导致收入下降。

　　The author of this article argues that, to reverse declining revenues from campus housing rentals, campus housing officials should decrease the number of available housing units and reduce rent prices on the units. The authors line of reasoning is that fewer available units will limit supply while lower rents will increase demand, thereby improving overall occupancy rates, and that the resulting increase in occupancy rates will, in turn, boost revenues for the campus. This reasoning is unconvincing for several reasons.

　　To begin with, the author assumes that boosting occupancy rates will improve revenues. All other factors remaining unchanged, this would be the case. However, the author proposes reducing both the supply of units and their rental prices. Both of these actions would tend to reduce revenues. The author provides no evidence that the revenue-enhancing effect of a higher occupancy rate will exceed the revenue-decreasing effect of reduced supply and price. Without such evidence, the argument is unconvincing.

　　Secondly, the author assumes that lowering rents will lead to higher revenues by increasing demand. However, it is possible that demand would decrease, depending on the extent of the rent reduction as well as other factors―such as overall enrollment and the supply and relative cost of off-campus housing. Moreover, even if demand increases by lowering rents, revenues will not necessarily increase as a result. Other factors, such as maintenance and other costs of providing campus housing units and the reduced supply of rental units might contribute to a net decrease in revenue.

　　Thirdly, in asserting that lowering rental rates will increase demand, the author assumes that current rental rates are causing low demand. However, low demand for student housing could be a function of other factors. For instance, the student housing units may be old and poorly maintained. Perhaps students find the campus housing rules oppressive, and therefore prefer to live off-campus; or perhaps enrollments are down generally, affecting campus housing occupancy.

　　In conclusion, the author of this editorial has not argued effectively for a decrease in the number of available campus housing units and a reduction in rental rates for those units. To strengthen the argument, the author must show that a rent reduction will actually increase demand, and that the revenue-enhancing effect of greater demand will outweigh the revenue-reducing effect of a smaller supply and of lower rental rates.

　　39. The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum.

　　On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avias passengers.

　　Avia航空的部门备忘录：

　　平均地，去年乘坐Avia的1000个乘客中有9个针对我们的行李处理流程写了投诉信。这说明虽然有大约1%的乘客对这一流程表示不满，乘客的主体对它还是满意的。所以对流程的重新审查对我们要保持和提高Avia的乘客数这一目标不是很重要的。

　　1去年是这样今年呢以后呢?

　　2很有可能是乘客对服务不满意却没时间正式申诉

　　3和别的航空公司比较如何seriousness trivailize

　　1， 没有complaint不代表没有不满。

　　2， 没有跟其他公司对比，同时并不知道总数。

　　The conclusion in this Avia Airlines memorandum is that a review of the airlines baggage-handling procedures will not further its goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia passengers. The authors line of reasoning is that the great majority of Avia passengers are happy with baggage handling at the airline because only one percent of passengers who traveled on Avia last year filed a complaint about Avias procedures. This argument is problematic in two important respects.

　　First, the argument turns on the assumption that the 99 percent of Avia passengers who did not complain were happy with the airlines baggage-handling procedures. However, the author provides no evidence to support this assumption. The fact that, on the average, 9 out of 1000 passengers took the time and effort to formally complain indicates nothing about the experiences or attitudes of the remaining 991. It is possible that many passengers were displeased but too busy to formally complain, while others had no opinion at all. Lacking more complete information about passengers attitudes, we cannot assume that the great majority of passengers who did not complain were happy.

　　Secondly, in the absence of information about the number of passengers per flight and about the complaint records of competing airlines, the statistics presented in the memorandum might distort the seriousness of the problem. Given that most modern aircraft carry as many as 300 to 500 passengers, it is possible that Avia received as many as 4 or 5 complaints per flight. The author unfairly trivializes this record. Moreover, the author fails to compare Avias record with those of its competitors. It is possible that a particular competitor received virtually no baggage-handling complaints last year. If so, Avias one percent complaint rate might be significant enough to motivate customers to switch to another airline.

　　In conclusion, the author has failed to demonstrate that a review of the baggage-handling procedures at Avia Airlines is not needed to maintain or increase the number of Avias passengers. To strengthen the argument, the author must at the very least provide affirmative evidence that most Avia passengers last year were indeed happy with baggage-handling procedures. To better evaluate the argument, we would need more information about the numbers of Avia passengers per flight last year and about the baggage-handling records of Avias competitors.

　　40. The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine.

　　The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchars sugar abroad would increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchars trade deficit.

　　一份周刊上的文章：

　　Sacchar国解决其赤字的最好方法是降低其主要出口物糖的价格。这一举动将使Sacchar与其他糖出口国更好的竞争。Sacchar出口的糖将会增加，这一增长将实在地降低Sacchar的贸易赤字。

　　1比起价格下降而带来的损失产量提高的影响是不是更大不是定数Increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar will not yeild an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. in the absence of ...

　　2可能性价比本来就很有竞争力了不需要降价，也可能价格已经很低了没有降低的空间了

　　3降低进口可能是一个更好的办法A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports. However, the author provides no evidence that substantiates this assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will increase dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed by the author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchars trade deficit proplem. To the extent that this is the case...